A new study published in the British Journal of Cancer has revealed that researchers have identified the cause why some prostate cancers are more aggressive, spread to different parts of the body, and ultimately cause death. The researchers at the University of East Anglia believe that the latest discovery could transform patient treatment
The team applied some complex math known as Latent Process Decomposition and developed a test to distinguish the "aggressive" prostate cancers from less threatening forms of prostate cancer. According to the researchers, they found the cause after developing the test.
The new study showed how the number of "aggressive" cells in a tumour sample defines how quickly the disease will progress and spread.It also revealed three new subtypes of prostate cancer that could be used to stratify patients for different treatments.
Lead researcher Prof Colin Cooper, from UEA's Norwich Medical School, said: "Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men in the UK. It usually develops slowly and the majority of cancers will not require treatment in a man's lifetime. However, doctors struggle to predict which tumours will become aggressive, making it hard to decide on treatment for many men."
"This means that many thousands of men are treated unnecessarily, increasing the risk of damaging side effects, including impotence from surgery," Prof Cooper added.
Latent Process Decomposition process
Collaborator Prof Vincent Moulton, from UEA's School of Computing Sciences, said: "By applying the Latent Process Decomposition process and analysing global prostate cancer datasets, we discovered an aggressive form of prostate cancer known as DESNT - which has the worst clinical outcomes for patients."
The researchers studied gene expression levels in 1,785 tumour samples and found that the amount of DESNT subtype cells in a sample is linked with the likelihood of disease progression - the more DESNT cells, the quicker the patient is likely to progress.
New treatment options?
Co-lead researcher Dr Daniel Brewer said: "If you have a tumour that is majority DESNT you are more likely to get metastatic disease, in other words it is more likely to spread to other parts of your body. This is a much better indication of aggressive disease. We also identified three more molecular subtypes of prostate cancer that could help doctors decide on different treatment options for patients."
"This research highlights the importance of using more complex approaches for the analysis of genomic data," he added.
