According to US government data released in November last year, the country, which has long been known only as the biggest energy consumer in the world, imported only 1.1 million barrels per day of crude oil.
The Yamal-Europe Pipeline usually flows westward, but has been mostly reversed since December of 2021 as Poland turned away from buying from Russia in favour of drawing on stored gas in Germany.
The 622,000 barrel-per-day Keystone line is a critical artery shipping heavy Canadian crude from Alberta to refiners in the U.S. Midwest and the Gulf Coast.
The unprecedented unrest has further darkened the outlook for the world's second largest economy, triggering a broad selloff in commodities and particularly depressing the oil markets.
A bill that seeks to remove the anti-trust waiver enjoyed by state oil monopolies like Saudi Aramco and Russia's Rosneft has been doing the rounds for the last several years.
Gas produced in the Waha region of the Permian Basin are selling for as little as 20 cents to 70 cents per million British thermal units in comparison with $28 per mmbtu in Europe.
In a revealing estimate, a US Treasury official told Reuters that Russia could sell as much as 80-90 percent of its crude outside of the price cap mechanism.