More than 100 of May's own Conservative lawmakers - both Brexit backers and supporters of EU membership - joined forces to vote down the deal.
The dispute has disrupted everything from air travel to tax collection and suspended pay for 800,000 government workers.
Trump on Dec. 23 named Patrick Shanahan as the acting Secretary of Defense after abruptly replacing Jim Mattis two months before his resignation date.
It will be negotiated over the coming year by senior ASEAN and Chinese officials and has not yet been released publicly.
The main opposition Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), which boycotted the last poll in 2014, won just six seats.
Trump is demanding that Congress include his $5 billion in legislation that must be passed to restore funding to the agencies that expired at midnight on Dec. 21.
May pulled a vote on her divorce deal earlier this month after admitting that parliament would reject it.
Nonetheless in July, China formally imposed additional tariffs of 25 percent on U.S. rice, even though imports were not permitted at the time.
Speaking of the partial government shutdown, Mick Mulvaney, Trump's budget director and chief of staff said that the shutdown could go on until January and that he doesn't think the discussion around Trump's wall along Mexico border will move too soon.
A senior White House official said that Trump was irked by the attention given to Mattis' resignation letter.
A partial shutdown begins with affected agencies limiting staff to those deemed "essential" to public safety.
U.S. Director of National Intelligence Dan Coats added that the intelligence community did not assess the impact of the foreign influence efforts on the election results.
The decision on Syria has bewildered U.S. allies and triggered harsh reaction from Trump's fellow Republicans in Congress.
Last month, Trudeau said Canada could freeze the relevant export permits if it concluded the weapons had been misused.
O'Connor's decision was issued the day before the end of a 45-day sign-up period for 2019 health coverage under the law.